Search results for "0509 other social sciences"
showing 10 items of 495 documents
Adjusting the Knox test by accounting for spatio-temporal crime risk heterogeneity to analyse near-repeats
2020
The near-repeat phenomenon usually occurs with any crime. Hence, to implement preventive measures, it is of great interest to figure out at which spatio-temporal scale crimes are more likely to be repeated by offenders. The Knox test is the most used statistical tool for evaluating the presence of the near-repeat phenomenon given a dataset of crimes that are located in space and time. The classic version of this test assumes that crime risk is homogeneous in both space and time, although this assumption rarely holds in reality. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to highlight the necessity of adjusting the standard version of the Knox test, including spatial and temporal effects th…
Making sense of crises: the implications of information asymmetries for resilience and social justice in disaster-ridden communities
2017
New information and communication technologies (ICT) have enabled communities to collect and share information and tap into a network of peers in unprecedented ways. For more than a decade, informa...
Información y comunicación durante los primeros meses de Covid-19. Cronología, infodemia y desinformación, noticias falsas, investigaciones en curso …
2020
The Covid-19 pandemic has introduced challenges throughout the world and is endangering people’s prosperity. To these health, economic, political, and social challenges have been added those related to the management and dissemination of information, mainly concerning its exponential growth, veracity, and dissemination. Providing objective evidence-based information contributes to meeting these challenges. Social media and social networks are playing a key role in informing society about the evolution of the pandemic and progress towards its eradication. However, social networks are also a vehicle for the transmission of biased or false news that can endanger people’s health. Information pr…
The Hidden Charm of Life
2019
Synthetic biology is an engineering view on biotechnology, which has revolutionized genetic engineering. The field has seen a constant development of metaphors that tend to highlight the similarities of cells with machines. I argue here that living organisms, particularly bacterial cells, are not machine-like, engineerable entities, but, instead, factory-like complex systems shaped by evolution. A change of the comparative paradigm in synthetic biology from machines to factories, from hardware to software, and from informatics to economy is discussed.
Fragments of peer review: A quantitative analysis of the literature (1969-2015)
2018
This paper examines research on peer review between 1969 and 2015 by looking at records indexed from the Scopus database. Although it is often argued that peer review has been poorly investigated, we found that the number of publications in this field doubled from 2005. A half of this work was indexed as research articles, a third as editorial notes and literature reviews and the rest were book chapters or letters. We identified the most prolific and influential scholars, the most cited publications and the most important journals in the field. Co-authorship network analysis showed that research on peer review is fragmented, with the largest group of co-authors including only 2.1% of the wh…
The dawn of a golden age in mathematical insect sociobiology
2009
23 pages; It is bold. It is also arguably overly grand and it may be illusory. History alone will judge if this is the dawn of a golden age in mathematical sociobiology. To be sure, mathematical biology has already seen a number of false dawns. It may appear, for example, that both catastrophe theory and chaos theory each have enjoyed almost all of their 15 minutes of fame. However, it is right and proper that a wave of initial excitement, or indeed, hyperbole, is followed by slower and steadier progress as a field matures. So what justifies our unbridled optimism? The first answer is demonstrable progress. Self-organization theory and complex systems theory coupled with pioneering experime…
Unlock ways to share data on peer review
2020
Peer review is the defining feature of scholarly communication. In a 2018 survey of more than 11, 000 researchers, 98% said that they considered peer review important or extremely important for ensuring the quality and integrity of scholarly communication.
Forbidden option or planned decision? Physically disabled women’s narratives on the choice of motherhood
2016
This narrative study explores personal narratives by disabled women on their choice to become a mother. Eleven Finnish physically disabled mothers were interviewed. The interview data were analysed using Greimas’ actant model. The women produced three types of narratives about their journeys to motherhood: compensation, forbidden option and planned choice. In these narratives, the disabled women struggled with the disabling, oversimplifying and suppressive cultural master narratives of ‘good’ motherhood. Through the narratives, the women distanced themselves from these dominant cultural narratives and constructed strong agency for themselves as mothers. peerReviewed
Getting into the Same Boat – Enabling the Realization of the Disabled Child’s Agency in Adult–Child Play Interaction
2021
The purpose of this study was to find out how an adult can enable or hinder the realization of a disabled child’s agency in play interaction. We focused on the child’s play invitations, which were constructed as dispreferred by the adult. The data consisted of nine videotaped playing situations with five nurses and five disabled children in a children’s neurological ward. The microanalysis with interventionist applied conversation analysis focused on one playing situation between one nurse and one three-year-old boy with no spoken language. The nurse responded to the child’s play invitations constructed as dispreferred by her in three different ways. Two of them were about trying to control…
Comunicación política y discursos sobre el poder
2017
Se analizan los principales enfoques teoricos vinculados con el estudio de la comunicacion politica, entendida como la interaccion entre partidos politicos, medios de comunicacion y ciudadanos. Se resumen en dos grandes corrientes: por un lado, los estudios que ponen el enfasis en la mediatizacion de la politica, esto es, la adecuacion de los mensajes politicos al discurso, estrategias, intereses y logica de los medios de comunicacion. Por otro, las escuelas y enfoques que advierten de la dependencia de los medios de comunicacion respecto de actores externos, asi como de su perdida de influencia y peso especifico en los ultimos anos.